A specialist subset of CBT known as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is sometimes referred to as contextual CBT. In terms of therapeutic outcomes, it has been discovered that ACT's mindfulness and acceptance interventions last longer. In an anxiety-related study, both CBT and ACT improved all outcomes similarly before and after treatment. Children with depression and anxiety disorders have been shown to benefit from Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CCBT). An intervention that consists of informational websites and weekly telephone calls has been found to be effective in some studies. Adolescent anxiety was found to benefit from both CCBT and face-to-face CBT equally. Glucocorticoids, when used in conjunction with other treatments, have been shown to increase reinforcement of memory traces and prevent the retrieval of aversive learning episodes in animals, resulting in a non-fearful response to feared situations. INSERM found that cognitive behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for a number of mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, in a 2004 review. This included personality disorders, bulimia, anorexia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence.

Psychosis CBT is tailored to each person's needs and used in conjunction with medication for long-term psychoses. Meta-analyses confirm the effectiveness of Metacognitive Training (MCT) for the improvement of positive symptoms (such as delusions) in the prevention of anxiety disorders. In 2014, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals at risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia according to a review published in 2004 by INSERM, CBT is an effective treatment for a number of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. There is evidence of CBT's efficacy for treating pathological and problem gambling at immediate follow-up, according to a Cochrane review; however, the longer-term efficacy of CBT for it is currently unknown. CBT for smoking cessation considers the habit of smoking as a learned behavior that eventually develops into a coping mechanism for dealing with the stresses of daily life. CBT helps people learn how to avoid relapse, control their thoughts, and handle high-risk cases. Because it is frequently available and provides quick relief, smoking can take precedence over other coping mechanisms and eventually work its way into everyday life during non-stressful events as well. CBT focuses on the function of the behavior, which can vary from person to person, and works to replace smoking with other coping strategies. In 2008, a controlled study conducted by Stanford University School of Medicine suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy might be a useful tool for assisting abstinence. CBT also tries to help people who have strong cravings, which are a big reason people say they relapse during treatment. The outcomes of 304 adult participants chosen at random were tracked for a year. During this program, some participants received either medication, cognitive behavioral therapy or a combination of the three. Participants who received CBT had a rate of abstinence of 45% at 20 weeks; while those who did not received CBT had a rate of 29%. According to the study, focusing on cognitive and behavioral strategies when assisting smokers in quitting can help them acquire the skills they need to remain smoke-free for an extended period of time. The effectiveness of treatment can be influenced by a person's mental health history. For smoking cessation, there was no difference between CBT and hypnosis, according to a Cochrane review. Those who had a history of depression had a lower success rate when using CBT alone to overcome smoking addiction. Even though this might suggest that CBT has no effect, additional research might show that it helps smokers quit smoking. In studies, CBT has been shown to be a useful treatment for substance use disorders. For people with substance use disorders, CBT aims to reframe maladaptive thoughts like denial, minimizing, and catastrophizing with healthier narratives. Identifying potential triggers and developing coping mechanisms to handle high-risk situations are two specific approaches. In studies, CBT has been shown to be especially effective when combined with other treatments or medications.

With Regards,
Joseph Kent
Journal Manager
Journal of Brain, Behaviour & Cognitive Sciences