Fountains of versatility, which enable neural connections to function at various time scales, are the subject of a current computational speculation. Monte Carlo-based, microsecond-scale stereo chemically nitty-gritty models of the neurotransmitter based on the acetylcholine receptor have been developed. In the coming decades, it is almost certain that computational tools will significantly influence our understanding of how neurotransmitters function and change in response to external change. Biological neurons are interconnected in a complex, recurrent manner through network behaviors. These connections, in contrast to the majority of artificial neural networks, are typically limited and specific. Even though certain parts of the brain, like the visual cortex, are well understood, the computational functions of these specific connectivity patterns, if any, are unknown. Additionally, it is unknown how data travels through networks with such a limited number of connections. The interaction of neurons in a small network can frequently be described using straightforward models like the Ising model. The statistical mechanics of such straightforward systems are theoretically well-defined. Recent research suggests that the dynamics of any neuronal network can be reduced to pairwise interactions, despite the fact that it is unknown whether such descriptive dynamics have any significant computational implications. We now have powerful experimental tools to test the new theories about how neuronal networks work thanks to two-photon microscopy and calcium imaging.

Drugs in theory, there are a lot of drug classes that are easy to make: To this end, more research could be done on any chemical that can either make or break the action of a target protein. The difficult part is finding a chemical that is receptor-specific (safe to consume or dirty drug). In the Physicians' desk reference, the number of prescription drugs listed in 2005 is twice as high as it was in the 1990 edition. "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors," or SSRIs, are examples of modern pharmaceuticals, and many people are already familiar with them. Antidepressants like Paxil and Prozac, which are examples of SSRIs, prolong synapse activity by primarily and selectively inhibiting serotonin transport. One of many categories of selective drugs is transport blockage's mode of action. The FDA has granted approval to medications like antidepressants with NE reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics with DA blockers, and GABA agonist tranquilizers (benzodiazepines) that selectively affect all of the major neurotransmitters. New endogenous chemicals are discovered each day both the drugs THC (cannabis) and GHB, as well as the endogenous transmitters anandamide and GHB have been found to have specific receptors. The next step is the development of drugs and other specific agents that are specific to receptor subtypes. Major pharmaceutical companies are currently putting a lot of effort into developing these drugs and agents. A model is the push for improved anti-anxiety medications (anxiolytics) in light of CRF1 antagonists. Another is the idea of starting new research into antipsychotics like glycine reuptake inhibitors. Despite the fact that medications that are receptor-explicit can be used, medication treatment lacks the ability to provide physical specificity. Strange behavior can be triggered in various parts of the mind as a result of the same kind of receptor changes in one part of the brain by changing how receptors work in that part of the brain. Examples include D2 altering drugs (neuroleptics), which act on motor cortex to help schizophrenia but also cause a variety of dyskinesias.

With Regards,
Joseph Kent
Journal Manager
Journal of Brain, Behaviour & Cognitive Sciences