Coronary heart disease is the most leading cause of death worldwide. Risk factors of CHD include high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise, poor diet, high blood triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein  family history, hypertension and depression. Most previous investigations including biochemical as well as molecular markers were successfully predicted CHD. Studies indicated the importance and the benefits of lowering cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels to decrease the risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The present article aimed to discuss and identify nonconventional cardiovascular bio-markers as well as biochemical risk factors in early prediction of CHD. Coronary heart disease  is a disease where blood clots  build up inside the coronary arteries. Clots narrow the coronary arteries and consequently reduce the flow of oxygen to the heart muscle. A large blood clot can completely block blood flow through a coronary artery causing a heart attack and without quick treatment; a heart attack may lead to death. Coronary artery disease  is the most common type of heart disease, which weakens the heart muscle, contributes to heart failure (where the heart can't pump enough blood to the rest of the body) causing death. In 2013 CAD caused 8.14 million deaths worldwide. Research indicated that risk factors of CHD include high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise, poor diet, high blood triglycerides, lipoprotein and cholesterol, family history, hypertension and depression. It’s estimated that one third of the U.S population has high triglycerides, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High density lipoprotein  has a protective effect over development of coronary artery disease. HDL is associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease. Furthermore, research result showed that high blood triglyceride levels can predict cardiovascular disease, which causes high mortality in Western society. CHD is one of the major causes of mortality in patients with essential hypertension and insulin resistance (a metabolic disorder that occurs when the body's cells cannot properly intake insulin. Changing lifestyle and medicines can help prevent coronary heart disease. Research showed that high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides can prevent vitamin E reaching the tissues that need it. This can be problematic because vitamin E is important in artery walls, for its antioxidant action, and it appears to play a major role in limiting the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol. When LDL is oxidized, it becomes chemically "stickier," in a sense, and this promotes its accumulation, as plaque, inside arteries. Research result also suggested that vitamin E may also prevent the thickening of blood-vessel walls thus permitting the free flow of blood and consequently favors a good cardiovascular health

With Regards,
Sara Giselle
Associate Managing Editor
Journal of Medical Physics and Applied Sciences